リチャード・スティーブンズ著「悪癖の科学」によると、レーシングドライバーの交通事故はむしろ多いとの記述があった。出典や周辺情報にあたって見ると、割と有名な話のようだ。かつてアメリカでは上級ドライバーにMaster driver's licenseを発行する構想があったそうだが、では実際にドラテクの上級者としてレーサーが安全運転かを調べてみたら、そうではなかったということだ。
レーシングドライバーは高度な訓練を積み、運転能力も優れているから、交通違反も少ないはず ーーー ところが実際は正反対だった。スピード違反で罰金を払った回数は一般ドライバーの二倍以上で、衝突などの事故率も高かったのだ。自動車のことを知りつくした人たちは安全運転のはず、という前提が崩れたことになる。自動車に関する豊富な知識や、車をコントロールする高い技能は、安全な走行には活かされていなかった。それどころか、レーシングドライバーは交通違反をしたり、事故を起こしたりする危険が大きかった。
リチャード・スティーブンズ著「悪癖の科学」、127頁
On-the-road driving records of Sports Car Club of America national competition license holders from three states were compared with the records of other drivers of the same age and sex.
In each state the race drivers had a greater number of crashes per driver, and a greater number of speeding violations, other moving violations, and non-moving violations per driver, than the drivers comprising the matched comparison group.
The results cast considerable doubt as to the validity of the Master Driver's License concept, which has been given serious consideration by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The results also suggest a need for caution regarding the assumption that advanced driver education crash-avoidance techniques can be translated into reduced crash experience.
Accident Analysis & Prevention
December 1974, Vol.6(3):263–270, doi:10.1016/0001-4575(74)90004-9
On-the-road driving records of licensed race drivers
Allan F. WilliamsBrian O'Neill
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0001457574900049
Virtually all educational and training programmes aimed at adults that have been evaluated show no evidence of effectiveness. Driver education or training programmes have not been found to reduce motor vehicle crashes, but they still are widely advocated as essential safety programmes.7–9
Research shows driver education programmes can increase knowledge, but this rarely results in appropriate behaviour change. Similarly, driver training programmes have not been shown to reduce crashes. They may be useful for teaching beginning drivers, and in some cases they may improve driving skills, but better skills do not automatically lead to fewer crashes.10
Some advanced driver training programmes have even been shown to make things worse. For example, programmes that taught skid control, off-road recovery, and other emergency measures produced drivers with higher crash rates than drivers who did not take the course.8
*snip*
These recommendations reflect policies that have been shown to contribute to highway safety. Newly motorising countries cannot afford to ignore the evidence on what works, and equally important what doesn’t work, to reduce deaths and injuries from motor vehicle crashes.
In the United States and elsewhere, many lives were lost unnecessarily in crashes during the first 50 years of motorisation because highway safety advocates promoted ineffective measures while at the same time resisting approaches that later were shown to be effective. It will be a tragedy if the countries relatively new to motorisation repeat these mistakes.
Reducing motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries in newly motorising countries
Brian O’Neill, Dinesh Mohan
http://tripp.iitd.ac.in/publications/paper/safety/BMJDMarticle2002.pdf
一方、高度な操作テクニックのみを獲得していても交通事故が多い事例36)のように、操作のみを指導しても運転計画やマヌーバは改善されない。
脳科学的見地から構成する安全運転トレーニング
国際交通安全学会誌 Vol.33,No.2 ( 6 8) 平成20年6月
http://www.iatss.or.jp/common/pdf/publication/iatss-review/33-2-12.pdf
Posted at 2017/01/03 08:09:16 | |
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